During creation of a pericardial window, the pericardial sac is dilated to what size?

• A. 8-10F
• B. 2-4F
• C. 12-14F
• D. 20F

Answer: (A)

The key idea is choosing a window size that allows reliable drainage of pericardial fluid without creating a large defect that could cause complications. In a pericardial window, the opening is typically dilated to about 8–10 French. French size indicates the diameter, so 8–10F is roughly 2.7–3.3 mm. This size provides a dependable channel for ongoing drainage to prevent tamponade, even if fluid production is brisk, while keeping the defect small enough to minimize risk of bleeding or injury. A window that is too small (2–4F) may become obstructed and fail to drain effectively, whereas a window that is too large (12–14F or 20F) increases the risk of surgical complications and excessive drainage.