Pericardial window is generally performed for recurrent pericardial effusions, often from malignant tumors. Which best describes this indication?

• A. Malignant tumors
• B. Bacterial infection
• C. Atrial fibrillation
• D. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer: (A)

A pericardial window provides a durable drainage pathway from the pericardial space to another body cavity, preventing reaccumulation of fluid and reducing the risk of tamponade. This is particularly useful when effusions are due to cancer because malignant fluid often recurs despite initial drainage and medical therapy, so creating a window offers ongoing relief and palliation. Bacterial infection would be managed with antibiotics and drainage as needed, not primarily by a window. Atrial fibrillation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy do not typically cause recurrent pericardial effusions requiring this procedure.