What is a pericardial window/pericardiotomy?

• A. A tear created in the pericardium to allow fluid to drain into free space outside of heart
• B. A surgical repair of a ventricular septal defect
• C. A procedure to implant a left ventricular assist device
• D. A technique to occlude the coronary arteries

Answer: (A)

A pericardial window is a surgical opening in the pericardium that creates a drainage pathway for pericardial fluid, allowing it to escape into a space outside the heart—most commonly the pleural cavity. This reduces intrapericardial pressure and prevents or relieves tamponade, especially when there is recurrent or malignant effusion or when ongoing drainage is needed long-term. It differs from needle drainage (pericardiocentesis) by providing a lasting pathway for continuous drainage. It is not about repairing a ventricular septal defect, implanting a left ventricular assist device, or occluding the coronary arteries.