Which condition within the following would be a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?

• A. Uncooperative patient
• B. CVA within last 6 months
• C. Electrolyte imbalance
• D. Allergen to meds

Answer: (B)

Cardiac catheterization relies on vascular access, anticoagulation, and contrast use, all of which carry bleeding and embolic risks. A recent cerebrovascular accident signals a vulnerable brain that could be worsened by systemic anticoagulation and catheter manipulation. Within the weeks to months after a stroke, the risk of hemorrhagic transformation or a new neurologic injury is higher, so many centers view a CVA within the last six months as a contraindication to proceeding with invasive catheter-based procedures.

Uncooperative patients can often be managed with sedation or postponement rather than avoided entirely; electrolyte imbalance is something that is corrected before the procedure, not a strict contraindication; an allergy to medications or contrast can sometimes be mitigated with premedication or alternative agents. The recent stroke finding best fits the definition of a contraindication in this context because it directly raises the risk of serious neurologic complications during the procedure.