Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for restenosis?

• A. Diabetes mellitus
• B. Hyperlipidemia
• C. Chronic renal insufficiency
• D. Saphenous vein graft disease (SVG)

Answer: (B)

Restenosis after angioplasty or stent placement is driven mainly by neointimal hyperplasia—the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall in response to injury from the procedure. This healing process can thicken the intima and narrow the artery again, and certain patient factors amplify that response.

Diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insufficiency are well-known promoters of this process. Diabetes increases inflammatory activity and smooth muscle proliferation, making restenosis more likely. Chronic kidney disease also creates a pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic environment that enhances neointimal growth. Vein graft disease reflects a more aggressive vascular healing and remodeling response in grafts, which likewise predisposes to restenosis.

Hyperlipidemia, while a major driver of atherosclerosis over time, does not reliably predict restenosis after PCI. Restenosis is more about the local healing response to vessel injury than about lipid-driven plaque progression, especially with modern stents where the role of neointimal hyperplasia is emphasized. Therefore, hyperlipidemia is not typically listed as a risk factor for restenosis.

So the factor that is not listed as a restenosis risk factor is hyperlipidemia.