Which of the following is an indication for cardiac catheterization?

• A. Renal failure
• B. Aortic dissection
• C. Pregnancy
• D. Hypertension

Answer: (B)

Cardiac catheterization is used when we need direct visualization and measurements of the coronary arteries and heart pressures to diagnose or plan treatment for coronary or structural heart problems. Renal failure, pregnancy, and hypertension by themselves don’t automatically warrant catheterization because they’re not indications for invasive coronary engagement. Aortic dissection, however, can involve the coronary arteries or cause acute myocardial ischemia, and in such emergencies catheter-based assessment can be necessary to evaluate coronary perfusion and guide urgent management, such as surgical repair or endovascular intervention. That context makes dissection the scenario where catheterization is most appropriate among the given options.