Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of a hematoma after arterial access?

• A. Incorrectly applied pressure
• B. Inattentive digital compression
• C. Non-compliant patient
• D. Proper early hemostasis performed

Answer: (D)

Hematoma after arterial access arises when hemostasis is not achieved adequately, or when factors disrupt the healing seal after the sheath is removed. If pressure is applied incorrectly or not enough pressure is maintained, bleeding continues into surrounding tissue, forming a hematoma. Similarly, inattentive digital compression—not keeping the compression at the puncture site or not maintaining it long enough—allows ongoing leakage. A non-compliant patient—someone who moves, strains, or fails to follow post-procedure instructions—can disrupt the clot and reopen the puncture site.

Proper early hemostasis performed, on the other hand, is a preventive measure that promotes quick and durable sealing of the puncture site. It reduces, rather than causes, the risk of hematoma. So the item describing proper early hemostasis is not a cause of hematoma.