Which of the following is a contraindication to cardiac catheterization?

• A. Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
• B. Hypertension
• C. Hyperlipidemia
• D. Obesity

Answer: (A)

Uncontrolled congestive heart failure is a contraindication to cardiac catheterization because the procedure can push an already unstable heart into further decompensation. Catheterization involves arterial access, contrast administration, and changes in hemodynamics during the test; in a patient with decompensated heart failure, these stresses can precipitate pulmonary edema, hypotension, or cardiogenic shock. Stabilizing the heart failure first—through diuresis, inotropes, and careful optimization—reduces these risks and makes the procedure safer.

Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity are not absolute contraindications. They raise cardiovascular risk and may influence peri-procedural planning, but they do not by themselves prevent performing a diagnostic or therapeutic cardiac catheterization when clinically indicated.